Design and construction of hydrostatic mine shaft liners using cast iron tubbing technology konopka subterranean mine shaft design design and construction of. Design methods for the shaft lining and shaft stations can be divided into three main groups, namely. Synopsis this paper is based on the townlands ore replacement project whereby the concept of. As the piles are driven down, the ground is excavated, and a circular crib is put in every few feet. Mine planning and design many of tetra techs senior mining engineers have held senior positions in engineering and operations at the worlds largest mines, where they gained insight into the realities of what makes active producing mines. Following on from the uk conferences shaft sinking and tunnelling 1959 53 years ago and shaft engineering 1989 23 years ago, which covered the topic globally, this conference is again targeted at design and construction professionals worldwide. A structural approach to shaft design for deep mines in hard. When it comes to design of a mine shaft, there are two options. In mining, shafts form a system of vertically or inclined passageways, which are used for transportation of ore, refill, personnel, equipment, air, electricity, ventilation etc. Shaft mining or shaft sinking is excavating a vertical or nearvertical tunnel from the top down, where there is initially no access to the bottom shallow shafts, typically sunk for civil engineering projects differ greatly in execution method from deep shafts, typically sunk for mining projects. Geomechanical monitoring and modeling using utah3 by w.
Abstract for the continuous transportation of material a belt conveyor are used in the transport of. The lines in the figure are the values of maximum principal stress in the surrounding area, aquifer and shaft lining. As the distance between mining area and shaft becomes greater, the maximum principal stress in shaft lining becomes smaller, the mining impact on the shaft. Mankovsky g i development of shaft sinking techniques in the ussr ji. The design, development and operation of a shaft system is a critically important element in mining, and needs specialised technical input. Pdf design of a hoisting system for a small scale mine. The 3rd international conference for shaft design and construction professionals worldwide. Criteria for shaft design are described and methods of design developed. In this way the shaft is sunk in a series of short wooden cylinders. Structures generally consist of walls in hollow blocks, metal dams or concrete plugs. Hoist, small scale mine, design, cost, rope, winder, electric motor 1. For abandoned mine shafts, some problems linked to deterioration of the sealing structure at the shaft head, or movement of backfilling material in the shaft have been observed. The latter a may be the last operation of the cycle, b may be carried on during drilling and mucking, provided it is done from a substantial. Gierke, dulmen design of shaft,shaft sinking symposium in ranchi, coal expansion in india, 2123 november 1983.
Handbook to best practices for mine shafts protection. The subject of shaft sinking has been discussed at some length in an earlier bureau of mines bulletin. The southern african institute of mining and metallurgy shaft sinking and mining contractors conference 2009 d visser page 1 shaft sinking methods based on the townlands ore replacement project raiseboring. Pdf shaft sinking and lining design for a deep potash. For old mine shafts, galleries may have been closed with remaining items but without particular design. Adit decline or ramp inclined shaft vertical shaft. Affordable and search from millions of royalty free images, photos and vectors.
Shafts are designed according to their required purpose and depending on the demands set out. Many contractors, mining companies, and manufacturers have put. It is also common to find mine shaft opened even decades after mining activity. Conventional mine shaft sinking methods involve the performance of a cycle of different operationsdrilling and blasting, removal of smoke and cleaning of flyrock lodged on overhead timbers, mucking and hoisting of the broken rock, and timbering. This guidance note is not a guideline as defined in the mining and quarrying safety and health act 1999 mqsha or a recognised standard as defined in the coal mining safety and health act 1999 cmsha. In many small scale mines, productivity hence economic growth is being hampered by corresponding author. If the shaft should be deep and shaft diameter is supposed to be more than 4. Various design and construction parameters were investigated to determine the effect on shaft stability. I underground blasting mining and blasting weblog of. Geotechnical design considerations for mine shafts rock. The production shaft is designed to the minimum dimensions required to contain and guide the shaft conveyances, as well as provide space to place and access the utility lines. An important requirement in shaft sinking is to provide.
An integration of modern technologyboth in application and developmenthas resulted in a shaft system that is intrinsically holistic. Aug 29, 2010 for a production shaft, design starts with determining the cross section or plan view of the shaft. Rectangular shafts were studied in detail to determine the effects of applied stress ratio, shaft orientation and dimension, influence of interbedded quartzite and argillite, and rock fracturing. Design of a hoisting system for a small scale mine. Canan ozgen dean, graduate school of natural and applied sciences. Pdf the hoisting system is essential for the transportation of equipment, personnel, mined ore and thus for the productivity of the mine. Rock mechanics study of shaft stability and pillar mining. Pdf shaft sinking and lining design for a deep potash shaft. The southern african institute of mining and metallurgy platinum 2012 101 s. Experience has shown that the consequences of damage to shaft systems caused by geotechnical factors are serious and costly. Find bending moments from gears, pulleys, or sprockets that are transmitting loads to or from other devices. The palabora underground mining project is a stateoftheart shaft mining system that will prove to be a benchmark in its field for years to come. Shaft design objectives compute forces acting on shafts from gears, pulleys, and sprockets.
Sinking of new shafts and extension of existing shafts has been steady in the district throughout the last two decades and sinking activity is currently on the increase. Web hits and downloads continue as students and professors, miners, engineers, and mining executives embrace the handbook as an invaluable source of practical. Introduction with mining increasingly becoming a main contributor to economy, it has become necessary to improve mining so as to harvest greater benefits. Impact of underground mining on shaft lining and aquifer in. In quarrying, glory holes for transportation of materials such as at perak hanjoong. The technical literature is replete with descriptions of and data on shaft sinking equipment, methods and costs. This paper describes recent shaft design studies in the coeur dalene mining district of northern idaho. The design and planning stages are where the greatest potential for profitability for our customers is found. A number of shaft sinking operations are described in detail in the series of information circulars on mining methods and costs, to some of which reference will be made later. Rupprecht university of johannesburg abstract a deposit to be mined by underground methods can be accessed by a number of methods. A methodology for lining design of circular mine shafts in different rock masses submitted by erdooan guler in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of science in mining engineering department, middle east technical university by, prof. Poad united states department of the interior bruce babbitt, secretary bureau of mines rhea lydia graham, director.
Design and analysis of belt conveyor roller shaft harshavardhan a. Shaft sinking and lining design for a deep potash shaft in squeezing ground g. Usa, the design methodology for shaft lining is based on the mining traditions and experience of those regions. For the design of shafts made of metals with low ductility or fracture toughness, it is. Determine torque in shafts from gears, pulleys, sprockets, clutches, and couplings.
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